sonic muscles

sonic muscles
muscles associated with the swimbladder used for sound production. See extrinsic and intrinsic sonic muscles, and drumming muscles, elastic spring mechanism and protractor post-temporalis mechanism

Dictionary of ichthyology. 2009.

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  • extrinsic sonic muscles — usually a pair, two pairs or more rarely three pairs of muscles inserted on the gas bladder and a neighbouring structure such as a bone (ribs, parapophyses), perhaps via ligaments. Insertions vary with the species and family. The muscles produce… …   Dictionary of ichthyology

  • intrinsic sonic muscles — striated muscles of the gas bladder wall, used in sound production by contraction, e.g. Porichthys notatus (Batrachoididae). See also extrinsic sonic muscles …   Dictionary of ichthyology

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  • swimbladder fenestra — a thinner portion of the swimbladder wall anteriorly, lacking the submucosa layer, e.g. in Carapus (Carapidae). Presumably the sonic muscles move this part of the swimbladder and cause sound production …   Dictionary of ichthyology

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